why is my for loop function in r not working (trying to truncate outliers in the dataset) -


i'm trying replace extreme values nearest value in dataset. know ifelse () works better, wondering why loop not working. 

truncate <- function(a){   m <- mean(a)   sd <- sd(a)   <- m+3*sd   low <- m-3*sd   a1 <- c()   (i in 1:length(a)){     if (a[i] > up) {       a1[i] =       }     if (a[i] < low){       a1[i] = low       }     else {       a1[i] = a[i]     }     }   return (a1)   }  <- c(1:100)

the for-loop working correctly , iterating through elements of 1:length(a). assuming giving a <- c(1:100) input truncate() , function isn't working because returns same value a. seems because, using a input, up results in 137.5345 , low results in -36.53448. no values greater up or less low, else statement reached.

also, copy-and-append pattern using generate a1 in for-loop , conditional statements computationally expensive. can vectorized , function can made more efficient follows:

truncate <- function(a) {     m <- mean(a)     sd <- sd(a)     <- m+3*sd     low <- m-3*sd     a[a > up] <-     a[a < low] <- low     }

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