Simple variogram in R, understanding gstat::variogram() and object gstat -


i have data.frame in r variables represent locations , observations measures of variable in locations. want measure decay of dependence locations depending on distance, variogram comes particularly useful studies.

i trying use gstat library bit confused parameters. far understand (empirical) variogram should need basic data:

  1. the locations of variables
  2. observations these variables

and other parameters maximun distance, directions, ...

now, gstat::variogram() function requires first input object of class gstat. checking documentation of function gstat() see outputs object of class, function requires formula argument, described as:

formula defines dependent variable linear model of independent variables; suppose dependent variable has name z, ordinary , simple kriging use formula z~1; simple kriging define beta (see below); universal kriging, suppose z linearly dependent on x , y, use formula z~x+y

could explain me formula for?

try

methods(variogram)

and you'll see gstat has several methods variogram, 1 requiring gstat object first argument.

given data.frame, easiest use formula method:

variogram(z~1, ~x+y, data)

which specifies in data, z observed variable of interest, ~1 specifies constant mean model, ~x+y specify coordinates found in columns x , y of data.


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