python - Difference between ! and % in Jupyter Notebooks -


both ! , % allow run shell commands jupyter notebook.

% provided by ipython kernel , allows run "magic commands", many of include well-known shell commands. !, provided jupyter, allows shell commands run within cells.

i haven't been able find much comparing two, , simple shell commands cd, etc. main difference see % interactive , change location in shell while in notebook.

are there other points or rules of contrast when thinking symbol use shell commands in jupyter notebook?

! calls out shell (in new process), while % affects process associated notebook (or notebook itself; many % commands have no shell counterpart).
!cd foo, itself, has no lasting effect, since process changed directory immediayely terminates. %cd foo changes current directory of notebook process, lasting effect.


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